Recommended Boutique ---Guangxu Yuanbao Fengtian province made a silver ping one or two Gui-mao years
货币的发展可以追溯到古代，随着人类社会的发展，货币的形式和功能也不断地演变。中国最早的金属铸币最初出现在商代晚期。铸币是指由国家铸造的具有一定形状、重量、成色和面值的金属货币，采用金属冶炼浇铸成型的方式制造。往往预先按照设计样式，采用手工制模，批量翻砂铸造，打磨制成。中国是世界上最早使用货币的国家之一。夏商时代的天然海贝是中国最早的货币。到了商代晚期便出现了用铜制造的仿铜币，它是中国最早的金属铸币，也是人类历史上最早使用的金属货币。汉朝时期，钱币的规模和使用范围得到了极大的扩大和普及，这时钱币常以铜为主要材料，制成圆形或方形的铜钱，其设计与工艺也逐渐改进完善，这种钱币可以广泛用于日常交易和流通，为社会的经济发展奠定了基础。金属铸币最基本的形态是方孔圆形铜钱，其标准样式是西汉元狩五铢、唐初开元通宝。货币的发展是一个漫长而不断变化的历史过程，货币的形式和功能会随着经济和社会的发展而不断改变，但货币作为经济发展的基础和支柱的地位不会改变。
The development of money can be traced back to ancient times, and with the development of human society, the form and function of money have constantly evolved. The earliest metal coinage in China first appeared in the late Shang Dynasty. Coinage refers to the metal currency cast by the state with a certain shape, weight, color and face value, and is manufactured by metal smelting and casting. Often in advance according to the design style, the use of hand-made mold, batch sand casting, grinding made. China is one of the first countries in the world to use currency. The natural sea shell in the Xia and Shang dynasties was the earliest currency in China. In the late Shang Dynasty, imitation copper coins made of copper appeared, which was the earliest metal coinage in China and the earliest metal currency used in human history. During the Han Dynasty, the scale and scope of coins were greatly expanded and popularized. At this time, copper was often used as the main material to make round or square copper coins, and its design and technology were gradually improved and perfected. Such coins could be widely used in daily transactions and circulation, laying the foundation for social and economic development. The most basic form of metal coinage is square hole round copper money, its standard style is the Western Han Yuan hunting five baht, the early Tang Kaiyuan Tongbao. The development of money is a long and constantly changing historical process, the form and function of money will continue to change with the development of economy and society, but the status of money as the foundation and pillar of economic development will not change.
近期我公司征集了一枚光绪元宝奉天省造库平一两癸卯年，直径39.8mm，重26.6g。此币正面文“奉天省造“”癸卯“ 中间镌“光绪元宝”四字及满文，下“库平银一两”，反面圈拼音与龙纹，材质为银。品相十分良好，包浆自然，此币全深打，压力十足，图案清晰优美，三角细鳞层叠有致，高点毫无沾黏，镂刻之精美，堪称鬼斧神工，丝绸般光洁版底，状态自然，龙鳞清晰有力。雕刻工谨，铸模深峻，底版银光莹亮，颇具类镜面观感，龙身粗壮威武，龙鳞粒粒可见，气势恢宏，见之忘俗。该币为奉天制造银圆总局于1903年雕模试铸，泉界习称“奉天一两”，该币铸打极为卓越，底版细腻无伤，边齿马齿锐利规整，铭文书法遒劲隽挺，工艺超群，包浆厚重而均匀，品相状态均属一流。清代的奉天省就是今天的辽宁省。
The product is very good, the paste is natural, the coin is full of deep play, full of pressure, the pattern is clear and beautiful, the triangular fine scales are overlapping, the high point is not sticky, the exquisite carving, can be called uncanny workmanship, silky smooth version of the bottom, the state is natural, the dragon scale is clear and powerful. Sculptors, casting mold deep, silver plate bright, quite a kind of mirror appearance, the dragon body is strong and powerful, dragon scale particles can be seen, imposing, see forget the vulgar. The coin is Fengtian manufacturing silver yuan General Bureau in 1903 engraving mold trial casting, spring industry is known as "Fengtian one or two", the coin casting is extremely excellent, the base is delicate without damage, the edge teeth horse teeth sharp and regular, the inscription calligraphy is strong and firm, the process is superior, the paste thick and uniform, the phase state are first-class. Fengtian Province in the Qing Dynasty is today's Liaoning Province.
我国古代货币总共经历六次重大演变，中国是世界上最早使用货币的国家之一，使用货币的历史长达五千年之久。中国古代货币在形成和发展的过程中，先后经历了六次重大的演变: 一、由自然货币向人工货币的演变：贝是我国最早的货币。 随着商品交换的迅速发展，货币需求量越来越大，海贝已无法满足人们的需求，人们开始用铜仿制海贝。铜贝的出现，是我国古代货币史上由自然货币向人工货币的一次重大演变。 随着人工铸币的大量使用，海贝这种自然货币便慢慢退出了中国的货币舞台。二、由杂乱形状向规范形状的演变： 从商朝铜贝出现后到战国时期，我国的货币逐渐形成了以诸侯称雄割据为特色的四大体系，即:铲币、刀币、环钱、楚币(爰金、蚁鼻钱)。 秦统一中国后，颁布了中国最早的货币法“以秦币同天下之币”，规定在全国范围内通行秦国圆形方孔的半两钱。 圆形方孔的秦半两钱在全国的通行，结束了我国古代货币形状各异、重量悬殊的杂乱状态，是我国古代货币史上由杂乱形状向规范形状的一次重大演变。三、由地方铸币向中央铸币的演变： 据《汉书·食货志》记载，刘邦建汉后，允民私铸钱币。豪绅富商和地方势力乘机大铸恶钱而牟利。文帝时“邓通大夫也，以铸钱财过王者。” 元鼎四年(前一一五年)，汉武帝收回了郡国铸币权，由中央统一铸造五铢钱。从此确定了由中央政府对钱币铸造、发行的统一管理，这是中国古代货币史上由地方铸币向中央铸币的一次重大演变。 此后，历代铸币皆由中央直接经管。铸币权收归中央，对稳定各朝的政局和经济发展起了重要的作用。四、由文书重量向通宝、元宝的演变： 秦汉以来所铸的钱币，通常在钱文中都明确标明钱的重量，如“半两”、“五铢”、“四铢”等等。 唐高祖武德四年(六二一年)，李渊决心改革币制，废轻重不一的历代古钱，取“开辟新纪元”之意，统一铸造“开元通宝”钱。开元通宝一反秦汉旧制，钱文不书重量，是我国古代货币由文书重量向通宝、元宝的演变。 开元通宝钱是我国最早的通宝钱。此后我国铜钱不再用钱文标重量，都以通宝、元宝相称，它一直沿用到辛亥革命后的“民国通宝”。五、由金属货币向纸币交子的演变 ：北宋时，由于铸钱的铜料紧缺，政府为弥补铜钱的不足，在一些地区大量地铸造铁钱。但铁钱笨重不便，纸币交子就在四川地区应运而生。交子的出现，是我国古代货币史上由金属货币向纸币的一次重要演变。 交子不但是我国最早的纸币，也是世界上最早的纸币。六、由手工铸币向机制货币的演变： 清朝后期，随着国外先进科学技术的逐渐传入，光绪年间已开始在国外购买造币机器，用于制造银元、铜元。后来，广东开始用机器制造无孔当十铜元。因制造者获利丰厚，各省纷纷仿效。 清末机制货币的出现，是我国古代货币史上由手工铸币向机制货币的重大演变。
China's ancient currency has undergone six major changes in total. China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use money, and the history of using money is as long as five thousand years. In the course of the formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it has experienced six major changes: First, the evolution from natural currency to artificial currency: Bei is the earliest currency in China. With the rapid development of Commodity Exchange and the increasing demand for money, seashells can no longer meet people's needs, and people begin to imitate seashells with copper. The appearance of copper shell is an important evolution from natural money to artificial money in ancient Chinese monetary history. With the extensive use of artificial coins, the natural currency of sea shells has slowly withdrawn from the monetary stage of China. Second, the evolution from the disorderly shape to the standardized shape: from the emergence of copper shell in the Shang Dynasty to the Warring States period, China's currency gradually formed four major systems characterized by the feudal lords, namely: spade money, knife money, ring money, Chu money (Yuan, Yuan). After the reunification of China, Qin promulgated the earliest currency law in China, "Using Qin coins as the coins of the world", which stipulated that half and two coins from Qin's round square holes could be used throughout the country. The passage of the round square hole Qin half and two coins in the whole country ended the chaotic state of different shapes and wide weights of ancient Chinese currencies, which was a major evolution from chaotic shape to standardized shape in the history of ancient Chinese currencies. 3. Evolution from local coinage to central coinage: According to records in the Book of Han · Food Annals, after Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty, he allowed people to privately mint coins. The powerful gentry and wealthy merchants and local forces took advantage of the opportunity to make bad money for profit. Emperor Wen "Deng Tong doctor also, to cast money over the king." In the fourth year of Yuan Ding (115BC), Emperor Wudi recovered the county's coinage rights and unified Wuzhu coins were minted by the central government. From then on, the unified management of coin casting and issuance by the central government was determined, which was a major evolution from local coinage to central coinage in the history of ancient Chinese currency. Since then, the coins of all dynasties have been directly administered by the central government. The transfer of the coinage right to the central government played an important role in stabilizing the political situation and economic development of each dynasty. Fourth, the evolution from the weight of instruments to Tongbao and Yuanbao: the coins cast since the Qin and Han Dynasties usually clearly indicate the weight of money in the money text, such as "half two", "five baht", "four baht" and so on. In the fourth year of Tang Gao-zu Wudde (621), Li Yuan was determined to reform the currency system, scrap the ancient money of different severity, take the meaning of "opening up a new era", and uniformly cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" money. Kaiyuan Tongbao against the old system of Qin and Han dynasties, money and text do not book weight, is the evolution of China's ancient currency from instrument weight to Tongbao and ingot. Kaiyuan Tongbao money is the earliest Tongbao money in our country. Since then, China's copper money no longer uses money to write the weight, to Tongbao, ingots commensurate, it has been used to the "Republic of China Tongbao" after the revolution of 1911. The evolution from metal money to paper money: In the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the shortage of copper material for casting money, the government in order to make up for the shortage of copper money, a large number of iron coins were cast in some areas. However, iron money is cumbersome and inconvenient, and paper money Jiaozi came into being in Sichuan. The emergence of Jiaozi is an important evolution from metal money to paper money in ancient Chinese monetary history. Jiaozi is not only the earliest paper money in China, but also the earliest paper money in the world. 6. The evolution from manual coinage to mechanical currency: in the late Qing Dynasty, with the gradual introduction of foreign advanced science and technology, the Guangxu period began to buy currency machines abroad for the manufacture of silver and copper dollars. Later, Guangdong began to use machines to make ten copper coins without holes. The provinces followed suit as manufacturers profited handsomely. The emergence of machine-made currency at the end of Qing Dynasty is a significant evolution from hand-made coinage to machine-made currency in ancient Chinese monetary history.
银元俗称“大洋”、“洋钱”或“花边钱”,是银本位制国家的主要流通货币。清乾隆五十八年（1793年），清政府首次在西藏铸行“乾隆宝藏”银币。用机器自铸新式银元则始于光绪八年（1882）吉林机器局铸造的厂平（吉林通用银两）一两币，因铸造数量甚少，后世罕见，时市面流通的银币主要是洋钱。光绪十六年（1890年）清廷开始正式铸造银元“光绪元宝”（即龙洋），各省纷起效尤。光绪元宝是清朝光绪时期的钱币，这也是我国最早的机制币银元，湖北两广总督张之洞率先引进英国铸币机器铸造银元和铜元，之后各省纷纷仿效。共有十九个省局铸造，除中央户部，地方省所铸铜元，皆在其正面上缘镌写省名。光绪元宝是我国首批引进海外技术的印发流通货币，对于现今也蕴藏了一定历史意义。光绪元宝在当时一共有十九个钱局铸造：户部、北洋、吉林、奉天、清江、浙江、江南、广东、山东、福建、湖南、湖北、四川、江西、河南、安徽、广西、新疆、黑龙江。
Silver dollar, commonly known as "ocean", "foreign money" or "lace money", is the main currency in the silver standard countries. In 1793, the Qing government cast the silver coin "Qianlong Treasure" for the first time in Tibet. The use of machines to cast new silver dollars began in the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), Jilin Machinery Bureau casting factory Ping (Jilin general silver two) one or two coins, because the number of casting is very small, rare later generations, when the market circulation of silver coins is mainly foreign money. In the sixteenth year of Guangxu (1890), the Qing Court began to formally cast silver dollars "Guangxu Yuanbao" (that is, Longyang), and the provinces followed suit. Guangxu Yuanbao is a coin in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, which is also the earliest mechanism coin silver dollar in China. Zhang Zhidong, governor of Hubei Province, Guangdong Province, took the lead in introducing the British coin machine to cast silver and copper dollars, and later provinces followed suit. A total of 19 provincial bureau casting, in addition to the central ministry, the local province cast copper yuan, are inscribed on the front edge of the province name. Guangxu Yuanbao is one of the first printing and circulation currencies that introduced overseas technology in China, and it also contains a certain historical significance for today. Guangxu Yuanbao at that time, a total of nineteen money bureau casting: Hubu, Beiyang, Jilin, Fengtian, Qingjiang, Zhejiang, Jiangnan, Guangdong, Shandong, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Henan, Anhui, Guangxi, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang.
其中奉天省造的光绪元宝尤为稀少，奉天省造币厂是目前我国历史最悠久的造币厂，主要生产流通硬币、金银纪念币等。1896年2月1日，因奉天地区制钱短缺，依克唐阿向光绪皇帝上奏折，奏请设立奉天机器局，制造银圆。1896年8月23日，依克唐阿在今沈阳东关外、大东边门内，开工兴建了“奉天机器局”。1900年10月至1902年3月，“奉天机器局”被沙俄军强占、破坏。公元1902年（光绪二十八年），经盛京将军增祺向俄方交涉，方将机器局交还奉天当局，后将机器局与造币厂分开，设立奉天制造银元总局，对残损机器重新修复，于1903年7月恢复生产，制造正规龙洋，“奉天癸卯库平一两”就是在1903年生产的。
Among them, Guangxu Yuanbao made in Fengtian province is particularly rare. Fengtian Province Mint is the oldest mint in China at present, mainly producing circulating coins, gold and silver commemorative coins and so on. On February 1, 1896, due to the shortage of money in the Mukden area, Iktanga sent a note to the Guangxu Emperor, asking for the establishment of a Mukden Machinery Bureau to manufacture silver yuan. On August 23, 1896, Ektanga started the construction of the "Mukden Machinery Bureau" outside the East Pass and inside the Big East Gate of Shenyang. From October 1900 to March 1902, the Mukden Machinery Bureau was occupied and destroyed by the Tsarist Russian Army. In 1902 (the 28th year of Guangxu), after Shengjing General Zengqi's negotiation with the Russian side, the machine bureau was returned to the Mukden authorities, after the machine Bureau was separated from the mint, the Mukden Silver Dollar Manufacturing General Bureau was set up, the damaged machine was restored, and production resumed in July 1903, manufacturing regular Longyang, "Mukden Guimao Library Ping one two" was produced in 1903.
1903年(光绪二十九年)，奉天市面流通货币紧缺，奉天当局将奉天造币厂改名奉天银元总局，开铸银、铜元。此际铸造的银元不再是元、角、分，而是以库平两、钱、分、厘为纪重单位。该年特地铸造了为数不多的“奉天一两”银币，光绪二十一年（1895）十二月盛京将军依克阿唐以该省制钱短缺，凭帖易遭伪造常生流弊，奏请设局制造银圆获准。经考察后在大清入关前的龙兴之地奉天（今沈阳）设厂。当时大乱甫定百废待举，商民元气未复而市面银钱俱缺，在中央与地方都酝酿整顿圜法的情势下，奉天省筹划了“奉天癸卯一两”的试制。二十三年（1897）六月初九，“奉天机器局”开铸。工厂章程仿湖北办理，机器及模具来自德国苏勒与奥图两厂，此为奉省机器造币之始。后民国时期建立银本位货币制度以后，也以银元作为主要流通币。银元是近代币收藏的重要币种之一。
In 1903 (the 29th year of Guangxu), the Mukden market circulation currency shortage, the Mukden authorities renamed the Mukden Mint to the Mukden Silver Dollar General Bureau, and began to cast silver and copper dollars. The silver dollars minted during this period are no longer dollars, cents, and cents, but are measured in units of Kuping, money, cents, and centimetres. That year specially cast a small number of "Fengtian one or two" silver coins, Guangxu 21 years (1895) December Shengjing General Yike A Tang to the province's shortage of money, easy to be forged by the card often corrupt, asked to set up a bureau to make silver yuan approved. After investigation, the factory was set up in Fengtian (now Shenyang), the place of Longxing before the Qing Dynasty. Twenty-three years (1897) June 9th, "Fengtian Machinery Bureau" opened casting. The factory regulations are copied from Hubei, and the machines and molds are from the two factories of Sulle and Otto, Germany, which is the beginning of the machine coinage in Fengprovince. After the establishment of the silver standard monetary system in the post-Republic of China, silver dollar was also used as the main circulating currency. Silver dollar is one of the most important coins in modern coin collection.
根据历史资料的记载，这枚钱币是在“圆”、“两”之争背景下诞生的，具有非常好的历史价值。所谓的圆两之争，就是晚清时期对于究竟是以“圆”为面额单位更好，还是以“两”为面额单位更好，所做出的探索，在当时两方都有非常重要的人物参与，比如张之洞等人就主张以“两”为单位发行货币会更适应社会情况，这场币制争议持续多年。在这样的历史背景下，奉天省当局在光绪二十九年，决定分别以“圆”和“两”为单位，分别铸造“奉天省造癸卯光绪元宝库平七钱二分”，和“奉天省造癸卯光绪元宝库平银一两”，其中后者就是“奉天一两”，它仅仅铸造了几枚样币就不再铸造了，并没有公开参与流通。基于上面的历史背景，可以发现奉天一两的历史价值非常珍贵。如今我们知道了以“两”为单位是不适合当时的经济状况的，它会带来需要比值等多种麻烦，不适合大规模流通，但当时的人们对此所做出的探索也弥足珍贵，“奉天一两”的存在就是当时探究的最好证明。
According to historical records, this coin was born in the context of the "circle" and "two" disputes, and has very good historical value. The so-called dispute between the two circles is the exploration made in the late Qing Dynasty on whether it is better to use "circle" as denomination unit or "two" as denomination unit. At that time, very important figures on both sides participated, such as Zhang Zhidong and others argued that issuing currency in "two" units would be more suitable for social conditions. This dispute over the currency system lasted for many years. Under such a historical background, the authorities of Fengtian Province in Guangxu 29 years, decided to respectively "circle" and "two" as a unit, respectively, to cast "Fengtian Province made Guimao Guangxu Yuan treasure House Ping seven coins two", and "Fengtian Province made Guimao Guangxu Yuan treasure House Ping silver one or two", of which the latter is "Fengtian one or two", it only cast a few samples are no longer cast. It was not publicly circulated. Based on the above historical background, it can be found that the historical value of Fengtian No.1 is very precious. Now we know that the unit of "two" is not suitable for the economic situation at that time, it will bring a variety of troubles such as the need for ratio, and it is not suitable for large-scale circulation, but the exploration made by people at that time is also valuable, and the existence of "Fengtian one two" is the best proof of the exploration at that time.
纵观历史长河，手工业、商业的发展，产品交换的日益频繁，商业贸易的日益发展导致了货币的演变，而当局统治者也稳定社会，发展经济，维护统治所以会铸币发行各种类型的货币，这些古币是商品经济发展的中介和见证，是人们日常生活中的必需品。而退出流通的古金属币承载了更多的历史文化，这一枚“光绪元宝奉天省造库平银一两癸卯年”在收藏界可谓“王者恆久远，珍宝永流传”，是难得的珍品。
Throughout the long history, the development of handicraft industry and commerce, the increasingly frequent exchange of products, and the growing development of commercial trade led to the evolution of money, while the authorities and rulers also stabilized the society, developed the economy, and maintained the rule, so they would mint and issue various types of money. These ancient coins are the intermediary and witness of the development of commodity economy, and are the necessities of People's Daily life. The ancient metal coins that exit circulation carry more history and culture, and this one is "Guangxu Yuanbao Fengtian Province made Kuping silver one or two Guigumao years" in the collection circle, which can be described as "king forever, treasure forever spread", is a rare treasure.
以上藏品相关信息请与：四川尊古拍卖集团有限公司联系。
Please contact Sichuan Zungu Auction Group Co., Ltd. for information related to the above collectibles.
